Most of the books on the DRAMAtic literature of Iran have been written from a historical point of view. In his Te’atrokrrasi, Kamran SEPEhRi, based on a survey of previous material and their criticisms, rewrites part of Iran’s history of DRAMA based on a literary-sociological THEORY. To this end, he adopts the concept of "theatrecracy" from Plato’s treaties on Laws (nomoi), interpreting it as the governance of spectators in DRAMA. He then studies the initial stage of emergence of "theatrecracy" in Iran up to 1925 based on Jacques RANciERE’S view to show both the political aspects of DRAMA and the DRAMAtic aspects of political activities. The writer tries to both introduce the book and to examine its degree of success in applying his THEORY in a part of Iran’s history of contemporary literature.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical THEORY of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer THEORY. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer THEORY and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer THEORY. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer THEORY was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

This article has been written with the aim of examining and analyzing the mechanisms of narrative structure in modern, post and modern DRAMAs. Since the subject of narrative is primarily concerned with the study of fiction and in the world of DRAMA the main indicator is based on the centrality of the concept of action and the applicability of the play text, the subject of narrative in DRAMA has been a source of theoretical challenges. . so, in this article, with the analytical-comparative method, postmodernism in DRAMA has been studied from the perspective of postmodern narratology, and at the same time, the question of whether postmodern narratology exists or not has been analyzed and examined. In fact, the main findings of this article in an analytical process address the challenges of justifying postmodern THEORY and show that classical and modern narrative structures are still the mainstay of DRAMA writing trends in the world, although this article focuses on important types of DRAMA narrative structures. However, the findings of the article show that, even with the expansion of the concept of post-DRAMAtic theater and counter-textual and visual genres, DRAMAtization based on linear and vertical narratives is still one of the narrative structures in the world of DRAMAtic literature and understanding the mechanisms beyond literature. Theatrical requires the analysis of narrative methods in DRAMA and its obvious differences with fiction.

DRAMA literature has been the full sign of all available mental currents in many cases as the reason for its vast correlation with the community through implementation on the scene. we can especially see this property in intellectual writers works with a political point of view. One of these points of view is a postcolonial THEORY, that examines the low east mental fundamentals contrast with high west and tries to show the output discourse of this contrast between colonization and colony. However, the battle with colonization and its politics every time has been a basic worry of Iranian intellectual fighters in the present era, but sometimes, their artistic works, such as film DRAMA, , poem, and so on, have been written according to these thoughts. There fore one of the people who has a place in Iran DRAMA and story literature and the people who had a trend in fighting with Pahlavi era dictatorial and colonial politics is Mr. Gholamhosain Saedi. In this research, this writer, Mahasal DRAMA characteristics has been analyzed according to postcolonial theories and the work result, shows the correct and intellectual characteristics and their potential and power in presenting the writer central idea, that means, the colonization politics. How ever Mr. Saedi has been considered more than in postcolonial, he also, has paid attention to more careful and finer details in colonizer and colony discourse, that comes to the bigger domain of political and social and anthropology sciences.

Every form of media needs its own special way of creating ideas which leads to the formation of concepts. Radio DRAMA, in writing or performing, is not an exception and in its ideal form should only be understandable via audio media. Based on the same logic, it can be assumed that changes imposed by being three-dimensional in a radio DRAMA, would cause them to have their own way of creating ideas and styles of writing. In this paper, by using imagination, the general THEORY and studying different technical systems of radio broadcasting such as Mono, Stereo and high order systems, we determine this special style of writing, called the Silent Character style. In this style, the point of listening (POL) of the main character is positioned in the audience's location which is the center. The main character does not speak through the play due to DRAMAtic and technical reasons and his/her situation are explained by other characters. The mise-en-scène in three-dimensional DRAMAs that use this style is helical for three-dimensional systems based on headphones (binaural), and rotational for systems based on speakers. But these kind of DRAMAs do not differ from mono and stereo DRAMAs in the way of creating ideas, however there are certain themes that are more suitable for them, such as interrogation and plays with psychological themes based on mental diseases.

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the effect of the creative DRAMA learning environment based on the activity THEORY on the active listening skills of first-grade female students of Nahavand City in the academic year 2023.Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all first-grade female students of primary schools in Nahavand city, numbering 826 people, who were studying in the academic year 2023. In this research, the sample size was 40 female students in the first-grade of primary school, who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics (univariate variance analysis test) with the help of 27spss software.Results: The results of the covariance analysis for testing all three research hypotheses showed that the creative DRAMA environment based on the THEORY of activity on the components of active listening skills; That is, attention skill, follow-up skill and reflective skill of first grade female students have a positive and significant effect.Conclusion: The learning environment of creative DRAMA based on the THEORY of activity in teaching health topics in the science course can provide a suitable platform for improving the active listening of learners.

Background and Aim: Hospital waste is the second most hazardous waste after radioactive waste. Although this waste threatens the health of citizens and the environment, disagreements between responsible organizations have made the management of hospital waste a serious problem. Inefficient management of this waste and the increase of its volume due to the spread of the coronavirus disease have increased the need to study this issue. So, this issue in the country requires accurate scientific, practical, and technical frameworks calculated according to the waste management law and relevant executive regulations. Therefore, in this study, to improve the inter-organizational problems of waste management, the conflicts and contradictions between the stakeholders of this issue were studied and structured. Material and Methods: In this paper, participants were first identified using the journey-making method. Then, by drawing a power-interest diagram, the role of each participant was determined, and the main actors were identified. Next, the problem of hospital waste management actors was structured by the DRAMA THEORY. Results: The results showed that according to the priorities and decision options of the five main actors at the negotiating table, there are many problems of non-cooperation and conflict between them. The most conflict is formed between waste organizations and hospitals and the most important type of problem between organizations is the problem of rejecting each other’, s options. Conclusion: Conflicts caused by rejection dilemmas can be considered the best type of conflict that can be improved by compromise and cooperation of organizations with each other. In this situation, these conflicts can be turned into cooperation by negotiating, flexibility, compromise, and of course, innovation in offering newer options.

During the period between the two wars, although some theatre critics were considering the work of the producer more important than the DRAMA text, a few DRAMAtic writers created some poetical plays which derived all their power and influence from accurate poetical texts.Jean Giraudoux occupied an important place amongst masterpieces and his works brought him universal reputation.The fact that a very large public praised his DRAMAtic works in spite of the different levels of their knowledge and the ambiguity of his ideas and intentions raises an important question: What do we expect from a DRAMA? The question is to know if someone who reads or watches a play has to understand clearly all the author's ideas and intentions.This article attempts to answer this important question as far as possible with an analytical look on Giraudoux's most famous play, Intermezzo and also would consider his ideas and those of the critics who have written about his work.

The reform of the structure in the health system has made many changes with the aim of improving this system. One of them is the health system transformation plan, which has led to the introduction of new mechanisms, which have complicated communication, challenges and, finally, serious conflicts between insurance organizations and hospitals. In this study, in order to improve the inter-organizational problems, the conflicts and contradictions between the stakeholders of this issue have been studied and structured. In this paper, participants were first identified using the journey making. Then, by drawing a power-interest diagram, the role of each participant was determined, and the main actors were identified. Next, the problem of hospital waste management actors was structured by DRAMA THEORY. Therefore, the priorities and decision options of each of the actors at a negotiating table were analyzed and the problems of non-cooperation and conflict between them were evaluated. Finally, strategies to solve problems in the management of hospital wastes were presented. The results show that the most conflict between waste organizations and hospitals is formed and the most important type of problem between organizations is the problem of rejecting each other's options. Conflicts caused by rejection dilemma can be considered as the best type of conflict that can be turned into cooperation by negotiating options and a little flexibility, compromise and, of course, innovation in offering newer options.